Gupta A, Casson R J, Newland H S, Muecke J, Landers J, Selva D, Aung T
South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia.
Ophthalmology. 2008 Jan;115(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.02.025.
To determine the prevalence of refractive error and associated risk factors in the Meiktila District of central rural Myanmar.
Population-based cross-sectional study.
Randomized stratified cluster sampling of the inhabitants 40 years or older from villages in Meiktila was performed; 2481 eligible participants were identified, 2076 participated in the study, and adequate refractive data were obtained on 1863 individuals (75.1%).
Demographic data including age, gender, and education level were obtained from all participants. The ophthalmic examination included autorefraction, nuclear opalescence (NO) grading at the slit lamp, and applanation tonometry.
Refractive errors were classified by type of ametropia and their prevalence was determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed and odds ratios were calculated for the predictors of refractive error within the statistical models.
Mean refractive error measured -1.3 diopters (D) (standard deviation [SD], 2.9) and mean cylindrical error measured 1.1 D (SD, 1.5). Myopia of >-1.0 and >-6.0 D occurred in 42.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.4%-44.9%) and 6.5% (95% CI, 5.4%-7.6%) of subjects, respectively. Myopic refractive error was associated significantly with a higher degree of NO (P<0.001) and age. Hypermetropia of >+1.0 D occurred in 15% (95% CI, 5.4%-7.6%) of the population and was associated with higher education levels (P<0.001). Astigmatism worse than 1.0 D occurred in 30.6% (95% CI, 28.5%-32.7%) of the population and was associated with age (P<0.001) and NO (P<0.001).
Myopia was more prevalent in older subjects and in those with increased NO. The prevalence rates of myopia in the > or =40 age group are higher than those found in other Asian regions and are likely to contribute to visual impairment.
确定缅甸中部农村眉谬地区屈光不正的患病率及其相关危险因素。
基于人群的横断面研究。
对眉谬地区村庄中40岁及以上居民进行随机分层整群抽样；确定了2481名符合条件的参与者，2076人参与了研究，1863人（75.1%）获得了充足的屈光数据。
从所有参与者处获取包括年龄、性别和教育水平在内的人口统计学数据。眼科检查包括自动验光、裂隙灯检查时的核混浊（NO）分级和压平眼压测量。
根据屈光不正类型对屈光不正进行分类并确定其患病率。进行单因素和多因素分析，并在统计模型中计算屈光不正预测因素的比值比。
平均屈光不正为-1.3屈光度（D）（标准差[SD]，2.9），平均柱镜度为1.1 D（SD，1.5）。近视度数>-1.0 D和>-6.0 D的受试者分别占42.7%（95%置信区间[CI]，40.4%-44.9%）和6.5%（95% CI，5.4%-7.6%）。近视性屈光不正与更高程度的NO（P<0.001）和年龄显著相关。远视度数>+1.0 D的人群占15%（95% CI，5.4%-7.6%），与更高的教育水平相关（P<0.001）。散光度数大于1.0 D的人群占30.6%（95% CI，28.5%-32.7%），与年龄（P<0.001）和NO（P<0.001）相关。
近视在老年人和NO增加的人群中更为普遍。40岁及以上年龄组的近视患病率高于其他亚洲地区，可能会导致视力损害。
