Gebru Elias Abera, Mekonnen Kidus Ayichluhem
Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, South Ethiopia.
Clin Optom (Auckl). 2022 Mar 10;14:35-43. doi: 10.2147/OPTO.S308617. eCollection 2022.
Myopia is one of the avoidable causes of visual impairment. Twenty-seven percent of the world population were myopic in 2010 and after 30 years it is expected half of the peoples in the planet will become myopic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with myopia among high school students.
A cross-sectional school-based study design using stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 349 high school students from 21 high schools in Hawassa city. The study was conducted from April 24 to May 7, 2019. Structured questionnaire, six meter Snellen visual acuity chart, trial frame, trial set, retinoscope and cyclopentolate 1% eye drops were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 computer software. Variables having -value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered as statistically significant.
A total of 349 participants having a response rate of 97% were involved with the mean age of 16.90±1.32 years. Prevalence of myopia was 16.05% (95%CI: 12.6, 20.1). Early age of schooling (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=3.14; 95%CI: 1.16, 10.06), parents being myopic (AOR=8.46; 95%CI: 7.11, 12.08), prolonged near work (AOR=11.65; 95%CI: 2.11, 64.5), short working distance (AOR=10.90; 95%CI: 0.57, 20.55), lack of outdoor sport activities (AOR=7.37; 95%CI: 2.71, 20.03) and visual display unit (VDU) usage (AOR=8.36; 95%CI: 2.39, 29.33) were variables significantly associated with myopia.
The prevalence of myopia was high in the study area. Early age of schooling, parents being myopic, prolonged near work, short working distance, lack of outdoor sport activities, and visual display unit usage were variables significantly associated with myopia. There should be strategies to prevent visual impairments secondary to myopia with affordable optical corrections and appropriate use of visual display units.
近视是可避免的视力损害原因之一。2010年全球27%的人口患有近视，预计30年后地球上一半的人将成为近视。本研究的目的是确定高中生近视的患病率及其相关因素。
采用分层简单随机抽样技术进行基于学校的横断面研究设计，从哈瓦萨市的21所高中选取349名高中生。研究于2019年4月24日至5月7日进行。使用结构化问卷、六米斯内伦视力表、验光试镜架、验光镜片箱、检眼镜和1%托吡卡胺滴眼液收集数据。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）20版计算机软件进行数据分析。多因素逻辑回归中P值<0.05的变量被认为具有统计学意义。
共有349名参与者参与，应答率为97%，平均年龄为16.90±1.32岁。近视患病率为16.05%（95%CI：12.6，20.1）。上学年龄早（调整优势比，AOR = 3.14；95%CI：1.16，10.06）、父母近视（AOR = 8.46；95%CI：7.11，12.08）、近距离工作时间长（AOR = 11.65；95%CI：2.11，64.5）、工作距离短（AOR = 10.90；95%CI：0.57，20.55）、缺乏户外运动（AOR = 7.37；95%CI：2.71，20.03）和使用视觉显示单元（VDU）（AOR = 8.36；95%CI：2.39，29.33）是与近视显著相关的变量。
研究区域近视患病率较高。上学年龄早、父母近视、近距离工作时间长、工作距离短、缺乏户外运动和使用视觉显示单元是与近视显著相关的变量。应制定策略，通过可负担的视力矫正和合理使用视觉显示单元来预防近视继发的视力损害。
