Ozen H
Department of Urology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Curr Opin Oncol. 1999 May;11(3):207-12. doi: 10.1097/00001622-199905000-00013.
Bladder tumor antigen, nuclear matrix protein 22, telomerase activity, fibrin degradation products assay, and a number of diagnostic tests on exfoliated urethelial cells are being tried to replace or decrease the frequency of cystoscopies. The results of these studies have shown that although some of these tests are promising, the standard of care for patients with hematuria or previously treated bladder carcinoma is still cystoscopy. New and non-invasive tests are on the horizon, however. It is essential to find accurate prognostic factors in patients with T1 disease which will predict the cases which will progress to muscle invasive disease. It has been clearly shown that the depth of invasion within the submucosa is closely related with survival. It has been established that continent diversions improve the quality of life in patients who have undergone cystectomy. Furthermore, this type of diversion was shown to improve survival. This fact can be attributed to early cystectomy which was prompted by the increased patient acceptance.
膀胱肿瘤抗原、核基质蛋白22、端粒酶活性、纤维蛋白降解产物检测以及多项针对脱落尿路上皮细胞的诊断试验正试图取代或减少膀胱镜检查的频率。这些研究结果表明，尽管其中一些试验前景良好，但血尿患者或既往接受过膀胱癌治疗患者的标准治疗方法仍是膀胱镜检查。然而，新的非侵入性检查即将出现。在T1期疾病患者中找到准确的预后因素至关重要，这些因素将预测哪些病例会进展为肌层浸润性疾病。已经明确表明，黏膜下层的浸润深度与生存率密切相关。已经证实，可控性尿流改道可提高接受膀胱切除术患者的生活质量。此外，这种类型的尿流改道被证明可提高生存率。这一事实可归因于患者接受度提高促使的早期膀胱切除术。
