Kofler J, Kübber P, Henninger W
Clinic of Orthopaedics in Large Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Vet J. 1999 May;157(3):322-31. doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0315.
Ultrasonographic imaging and thickness measurements of sole horn and underlying soft tissue layer were evaluated in 100 bovine claw specimens. The claws were trimmed and examined in longitudinal planes using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. The sole horn, underlying soft tissue layer and distal surface of the distal phalanx of all claws were clearly visualized. The sole horn had a heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance; the underlying soft tissue layer was predominantly anechoic. Corium and subcutis could be differentiated. The best imaging of these structures was achieved in claws with less than 10 mm sole horn thickness and soft sole horn. Imaging of the dorsal wall structures was more difficult. In each claw, B- and A-mode measurements of horn thickness of sole and dorsal wall and distance from outer claw surface to distal phalanx surface were made at three marked points on the weightbearing surface and at one point on the dorsal wall. In 10 claws, CT-images were taken and the horn density was determined. All claws were then frozen, transected and anatomical reference measurements were made after thawing. Statistical correlation coefficients of 0.88 and higher were found for B-mode ultrasonographic and anatomical measurements of sole horn thickness. A-mode proved not to be useful for the sole horn thickness measurement. B-mode ultrasonography was carried out successfully in the claws of five living cattle.
对100个牛蹄标本进行了超声成像以及蹄底角质层和其下方软组织层厚度的测量。使用7.5兆赫的线性换能器在纵向平面修剪并检查牛蹄。所有牛蹄的蹄底角质层、其下方的软组织层以及远节趾骨的远端表面均清晰可见。蹄底角质层呈现出不均匀的低回声外观；其下方的软组织层主要为无回声。真皮和皮下组织可以区分。在蹄底角质层厚度小于10毫米且蹄底角质柔软的牛蹄中，这些结构的成像效果最佳。背壁结构的成像则更为困难。在每个牛蹄的负重表面的三个标记点以及背壁的一个点处，对蹄底和背壁的角质层厚度以及从蹄外表面到远节趾骨表面的距离进行B模式和A模式测量。对10个牛蹄拍摄了CT图像并测定了角质密度。然后将所有牛蹄冷冻、横切，并在解冻后进行解剖学参考测量。发现B模式超声测量与蹄底角质层厚度的解剖学测量之间的统计相关系数为0.88及更高。结果证明A模式不适用于蹄底角质层厚度测量。在五头活牛的牛蹄上成功进行了B模式超声检查。
