Gonçalves Pryscilla V R, Silva Luiz A F, Silva Luiz H, Costa Ana Paula A, Bragato Nathalia, Cardoso Julio R, Kofler Johann, Borges Naida C
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, Goias State CEP 74001-970, Brazil.
BMC Vet Res. 2014 Apr 28;10:102. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-102.
Ultrasonography can be used anywhere and allows rapid, noninvasive differentiation of soft tissue structures of the musculoskeletal system. The objectives of this study were to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of the structures of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints, the appearance of the growth plates of the distal metacarpus/metatarsus and of the proximal phalanx and to measure the cross-sectional dimensions of the DDFT and SDFT in Nellore and Girolando calves eight to 12 months of age.
In the longitudinal dorsal view the common digital extensor tendon and the digital extensor tendon were depicted as echogenic parallel fiber bundles located directly under the skin. The joint spaces appeared as anechoic interruptions of the hyperechogenic bone surfaces. The normal amount of synovial fluid could not be depicted. The growth plates were seen as anechoic interruptions of the bone surface proximal and distal to the fetlock joint space. In transverse sonograms of the distal palmar/plantar regions, the flexor tendons and branchs of the suspensory ligament were imaged as echogenic structures. The lumen of the digital flexor tendon sheath could not be imaged in these normal cattle. The thin digital distal annular ligament and the reversal of positions of the DDFT and SDFT could be appreciated. No significant differences were found between the cross-sectional measurements of the DDFT and the SDFT from Nellore and Girolando in any age, thoracic/pelvic limbs, right/left sides and lateral/medial digits.
The results of this study establish important ultrasonographic reference data of the normal structures of the distal limbs and the normal dimensions of the flexor tendons in Nellore and Girolando calves for use in clinical practice.
超声检查可在任何地点进行，能快速、无创地鉴别肌肉骨骼系统的软组织结构。本研究的目的是描述掌指/跖趾关节和指间关节结构的超声表现、掌骨/跖骨远端和近节指骨生长板的表现，并测量8至12月龄内洛尔牛和吉罗兰多牛的指深屈肌腱（DDFT）和指浅屈肌腱（SDFT）的横截面积。
在纵向背侧视图中，指总伸肌腱和指伸肌腱表现为位于皮肤正下方的高回声平行纤维束。关节间隙表现为高回声骨表面的无回声中断。正常量的滑液无法显示。生长板表现为跗关节间隙近端和远端骨表面的无回声中断。在掌侧/跖侧远端区域的横向超声图像中，屈肌腱和悬韧带分支成像为高回声结构。在这些正常牛中，指屈肌腱鞘管腔无法成像。可观察到薄的指远端环形韧带以及DDFT和SDFT位置的反转。在任何年龄、胸/盆腔肢体、右侧/左侧以及外侧/内侧趾中，内洛尔牛和吉罗兰多牛的DDFT和SDFT横截面积测量值之间均未发现显著差异。
本研究结果建立了内洛尔牛和吉罗兰多牛远端肢体正常结构以及屈肌腱正常尺寸的重要超声参考数据，可供临床实践使用。
