Markovits H, Dumas C
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1999 Jun;73(2):95-114. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2496.
Transitive inferences using both a linear dimension (A is longer than B) and a nonlinear dimension (A and B are friends) were examined. In Study 1, 6- to 9-year-old children received two problems of each kind. Performance showed similar developmental progressions but nonsignificant correlations between the two tasks. Study 2 extended these results by modifying the linear transitivity problem and adding variation in both context and type of social relation. Children 7, 9, and 11 years of age were given problems requiring judgments about friendship and about nonfriends (children who were quarreling with each other) in two different social contexts. No correlations were found between social judgments and judgments concerning length. Both type of relation and context influenced judgments about social relations. These results suggest that children possess two distinct strategies for making transitive judgments that correspond to the logical structure of the underlying relations.
研究了使用线性维度（A比B长）和非线性维度（A和B是朋友）的传递性推理。在研究1中，6至9岁的儿童每种类型各接受两个问题。表现出相似的发展进程，但两项任务之间的相关性不显著。研究2通过修改线性传递性问题并增加社会关系的背景和类型的变化来扩展这些结果。7岁、9岁和11岁的儿童在两种不同的社会背景下被给予需要对友谊和非朋友（相互争吵的儿童）进行判断的问题。社会判断与长度判断之间未发现相关性。关系类型和背景都影响了对社会关系的判断。这些结果表明，儿童拥有两种不同的策略来进行传递性判断，这与潜在关系的逻辑结构相对应。
