Yeruham I, Elad D, Liberboim M
Gedera and The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1999 Apr;46(3):145-50. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.1999.00187.x.
On a dairy farm, otitis media was diagnosed in 64 suckler calves (21.8%) during a study period of 2 years, and in 10 calves (3.4%) in the third year. The inflammation was unilateral in 63 and bilateral in 11 calves. The affected calves were dull, lacked appetite, were pyrexic and displayed drooping ear or ears and tilted heads with purulent discharge exuding from the external ear canal. Of the affected animals, 56 (87.5%) were aged between 3 and 8 weeks. Morbidity was higher during the calving season and during the autumn and winter months (October-December). Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from 21 (32.8%), P. multocida from 20 (31.2%), Actinomyces pyogenes from 11 (17.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae from three (4.7%) of the clinically affected calves only during the first two study years. The exudate of the acute ear infections contained, in addition to Pasteurella spp., various bacteria and yeasts. Most of these bacteria were isolated from healthy ears as well, and are likely to be part of the normal ear flora. On the other hand most of the yeasts were isolated from otitic calves. After a short course of an appropriate treatment infections healed in all cases. Possible preventive measures are discussed.
在一个奶牛场，在为期2年的研究期间，64头哺乳犊牛（21.8%）被诊断出患有中耳炎，在第三年有10头犊牛（3.4%）患病。炎症在63头犊牛中为单侧，11头为双侧。患病犊牛精神沉郁、食欲不振、发热，耳朵下垂，头部倾斜，外耳道有脓性分泌物。在患病动物中，56头（87.5%）年龄在3至8周之间。产犊季节以及秋冬月份（10月至12月）发病率更高。仅在研究的前两年，从21头（32.8%）临床患病犊牛中分离出溶血巴斯德菌，20头（31.2%）中分离出多杀巴斯德菌，11头（17.2%）中分离出化脓放线菌，3头（4.7%）中分离出肺炎链球菌。急性耳部感染的渗出物中，除了巴斯德菌属外，还含有各种细菌和酵母菌。这些细菌大多数也从健康耳朵中分离出来，很可能是正常耳部菌群的一部分。另一方面，大多数酵母菌是从患中耳炎的犊牛中分离出来的。经过短期适当治疗，所有病例的感染均痊愈。文中讨论了可能的预防措施。
