Janzen D
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):5987-94. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.5987.
Tropical wildlands and their biodiversity will survive in perpetuity only through their integration into human society. One protocol for integration is to explicitly recognize conserved tropical wildlands as wildland gardens. A major way to facilitate the generation of goods and services by a wildland garden is to generate a public-domain Yellow Pages for its organisms. Such a Yellow Pages is part and parcel of high-quality search-and-delivery from wildland gardens. And, as they and their organisms become better understood, they become higher quality biodiversity storage devices than are large freezers. One obstacle to wildland garden survival is that specific goods and services, such as biodiversity prospecting, lack development protocols that automatically shunt the profits back to the source. Other obstacles are that environmental services contracts have the unappealing trait of asking for the payment of environmental credit card bills and implying delegation of centralized governmental authority to decentralized social structures. Many of the potential conflicts associated with wildland gardens may be reduced by recognizing two sets of social rules for perpetuating biodiversity and ecosystems, one set for the wildland garden and one set for the agroscape. In the former, maintaining wildland biodiversity and ecosystem survival in perpetuity through minimally damaging use is paramount, while in the agroscape, wild biodiversity and ecosystems are tools for a healthy and productive agroecosystem, and the loss of much of the original is acceptable.
热带荒地及其生物多样性只有融入人类社会才能永久存续。一种融入方式是明确将受保护的热带荒地视作荒地花园。促进荒地花园产出商品和服务的一个主要方法是为其生物编制一本公共领域的黄页名录。这样一本黄页名录是从荒地花园进行高质量搜索和获取的重要组成部分。而且，随着人们对它们及其生物的了解日益深入，它们会成为比大型冷冻库质量更高的生物多样性存储设施。荒地花园存续面临的一个障碍是，诸如生物多样性勘探等特定商品和服务缺乏能自动将利润返还源头的开发方案。其他障碍包括，环境服务合同具有要求支付环境信用卡账单以及意味着将中央政府权力下放给分散社会结构的不利特征。通过认可两套用于延续生物多样性和生态系统的社会规则，即一套适用于荒地花园，一套适用于农业景观，与荒地花园相关的许多潜在冲突或许可以减少。在前一种情况下，通过尽量减少破坏的利用方式永久维持荒地生物多样性和生态系统的存续至关重要，而在农业景观中，野生生物多样性和生态系统是实现健康且高产的农业生态系统的工具，并且大部分原始生物多样性和生态系统的丧失是可以接受的。
