Establishment and characterization of the growth and pulmonary metastasis of a highly lung metastasizing cell line from canine osteosarcoma in nude mice.

Highly lung metastasizing model of canine osteosarcoma in nude mice was established from five subcutaneous implantation cycles of lung tumor deposits. The selection of cells with increased metastatic properties from the parent POS canine osteosarcoma cell line recovered medium sized and polygonal Highly Metastasizing POS cells (HMPOS). The doubling time of HMPOS and POS in culture averaged 30 +/- 1.2 hr and 32 +/- 1.3 hr respectively, and their cell growth patterns in vitro were comparable to their in vivo growth patterns. HMPOS cells produced more tumor deposits (> 20 nodules, > 1 -mm in diameter) of various sizes with replacement of lung tissues at 12 weeks after implantation. POS cells produced fewer and smaller lung deposits (< 10 nodules, 1-mm in diameter). Tumor size and number of metastatic tumor deposits showed a regular association. HMPOS cells developed an osteoblastic type of cellular differentiation subcutaneously and in the lungs. HMPOS micrometastasis along the alveolar walls and blood vessels at 4 weeks averaged 6-7 small tumor locus. Each micrometastatic locus contained an average of 5-7 tumor cells, and developed a pleomorphic osteoblastic type of cellular differentiation. An average of 4 macrometastatic nodules could be seen at 6 weeks, composed of an average of 23 tumor cells, 10 nodules at 8 weeks, 12 nodules at 10 weeks and 20 nodules at 12 weeks. These model provides an opportunity for the evaluation of new treatments against canine lung metastatic osteosarcoma in a nude mice model.