Chatard J C, Mujika I, Chantegraille M C, Kostucha J
Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Saint-Etienne, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 May;79(6):479-83. doi: 10.1007/s004210050540.
A synchronized swimming team routine (TR) is composed of figures of varying degrees of difficulty. Swimmers able to perform these figures separately underwent a 5-week technical training programme (TTP) to assemble a TR. Little is known about the physiological responses to this kind of TTP. A group of 13 trained synchronized swimmers [mean age 14 (SD 1) years] were tested before and after a 5-week TTP. The TR lasted 5 min, and 45% of that time was spent underwater. The swimmers' technique scores in the TR improved significantly from 4.5 (SD 1.9) before to 5.8 (SD 2.3) points after the TTP (P < 0.01), but their swimming performances, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), blood lactate concentration, and heart rate measured during a 400-m swim were lower after the TTP. The improvement in the technique scores correlated negatively with the change in VO2peak (r = -0.57; P < 0.05). The greater the improvement in the technique score, the greater the decrease in VO2peak. The overall synchronized swimming skill was assessed by the best score the swimmers obtained in four to six competitions over a season. This score was related to the 400-m swimming performance, VO2peak, maximal distance covered in apnoea, and the breath-hold time. The 5-week TTP therefore improved technical performance during the TR without improving physiological, swimming or apnoea performances. However, the physiological profile of each swimmer was linked to the synchronized swimming skill.
花样游泳成套动作（TR）由不同难度的动作组成。能够单独完成这些动作的游泳运动员接受了为期5周的技术训练计划（TTP），以编排一套TR。对于这种TTP的生理反应知之甚少。一组13名经过训练的花样游泳运动员[平均年龄14（标准差1）岁]在为期5周的TTP前后接受了测试。TR持续5分钟，其中45%的时间是在水下。运动员在TR中的技术得分从TTP前的4.5（标准差1.9）分显著提高到TTP后的5.8（标准差2.3）分（P<0.01），但他们在400米游泳过程中的游泳成绩、最大摄氧量（VO2peak）、血乳酸浓度和心率在TTP后较低。技术得分的提高与VO2peak的变化呈负相关（r=-0.57；P<0.05）。技术得分提高越大，VO2peak下降越大。花样游泳的整体技能通过运动员在一个赛季四到六场比赛中获得的最佳成绩来评估。该成绩与400米游泳成绩、VO2peak、屏气时的最大距离和屏气时间有关。因此，为期5周的TTP提高了TR期间的技术表现，但没有提高生理、游泳或屏气表现。然而，每个游泳运动员的生理特征与花样游泳技能相关。
