Chatard Jean-Claude, Wilson Barry
Laboratory of Physiology, GIP Exercise, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Etienne, France.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jul;35(7):1176-81. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000074564.06106.1F.
This study investigates the effect of the distance separating the lead and draft swimmers on the metabolic and hydrodynamic responses of the draft swimmer.
A nondrafting swim of 4 min at 95% of the best 1500-m pace for 11 swimmers was compared with swimming in a drafting position at four different distances directly behind another swimmer (0, 50, 100, and 150 cm). Swimming performance was assessed by stroke rate and stroke length; the metabolic response by oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood lactate; and the rating of perceived exertion by the Borg scale. Passive drag was assessed at these drafting distances by passive towing. Then, passive drag was measured in six swimmers towed in six lateral drafting positions, with swimmers separated by approximately 40 cm, and then measured in two positions at the rear of the lead swimmer with a reduced lateral distance between swimmers of 50 and 0 cm.
Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and stroke rate were significantly reduced and stroke length was significantly increased in all drafting positions compared with the nondrafting position. For drag, the most advantageous drafting distances were 0 and 50 cm back from the toes of the lead swimmer. Drag was reduced by 21% and 20%, respectively. In lateral drafting, drag was significantly reduced by 6% and 7%, respectively, at 50 and 100 cm back from the hands of the lead swimmer.
Swimming behind another swimmer at a distance between 0 and 50 cm back from the toes was the most advantageous, whereas in lateral drafting the optimal distance was 50-100 cm back from the hands of the lead swimmer.
本研究调查了领游者与跟游者之间的距离对跟游者代谢和流体动力学反应的影响。
将11名游泳者以其1500米最佳成绩的95%的速度进行4分钟的无跟游游泳，与在另一名游泳者后方四个不同距离（0、50、100和150厘米）的跟游位置游泳进行比较。通过划水频率和划水长度评估游泳表现；通过摄氧量、心率和血乳酸评估代谢反应；通过Borg量表评估主观用力程度。在这些跟游距离下通过被动拖曳评估被动阻力。然后，在六名游泳者以六个横向跟游位置被拖曳时测量被动阻力，游泳者之间间隔约40厘米，接着在领游者后方两个位置测量，游泳者之间横向距离减小至50厘米和0厘米。
与无跟游位置相比，所有跟游位置的摄氧量、心率、血乳酸、主观用力程度和划水频率均显著降低，划水长度显著增加。对于阻力，最有利的跟游距离是在领游者脚趾后方0和50厘米处。阻力分别降低了21%和20%。在横向跟游中，在领游者手部后方50和100厘米处时，阻力分别显著降低了6%和7%。
在领游者脚趾后方0至50厘米的距离跟游是最有利的，而在横向跟游中，最佳距离是在领游者手部后方50至100厘米处。
