Cirelli C, Tononi G
The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
Ann Med. 1999 Apr;31(2):117-24. doi: 10.3109/07853899908998787.
Compared with our understanding of the electrophysiological correlates of sleep and wakefulness, the search for correlates at the molecular level is still in its infancy. However, the evidence obtained so far supports the hypothesis that reliable molecular correlates do exist. As will be summarized in this review, levels of receptor binding, second messengers and protein phosphorylation differ between sleep and wakefulness. Moreover, compelling data obtained in different animal species suggest that the transition between sleep and wakefulness is accompanied by significant changes in gene expression. Many immediate early genes, transcription factors, plasticity-related genes and mitochondrial genes are expressed at higher levels in wakefulness than in sleep, while a few still unknown genes are up-regulated during sleep. The ongoing systematic screening of gene expression across behavioural states should prove crucial in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of sleep homeostasis and the functions of sleep.
与我们对睡眠和觉醒的电生理相关性的理解相比，在分子水平上寻找相关性仍处于起步阶段。然而，迄今为止获得的证据支持可靠的分子相关性确实存在这一假设。正如本综述将要总结的那样，睡眠和觉醒状态下受体结合、第二信使和蛋白质磷酸化水平存在差异。此外，在不同动物物种中获得的令人信服的数据表明，睡眠和觉醒之间的转换伴随着基因表达的显著变化。许多即早基因、转录因子、可塑性相关基因和线粒体基因在觉醒状态下的表达水平高于睡眠状态，而一些仍未知的基因在睡眠期间上调。对不同行为状态下基因表达进行持续的系统筛选，对于阐明睡眠稳态的调节机制和睡眠的功能至关重要。
