Talaat M, El-Ayyat A, Sayed H A, Miller F D
Department of Community and Social Medicine, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Cairo, Egypt.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 May;60(5):822-6. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.822.
We found an unexpectedly high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in a village in the Upper Egyptian governorate of Giza. Historically, S. mansoni is endemic in the northern Egyptian Nile Delta rather than in the southern Upper Egypt. This observation was made during an evaluation of a rural health care schistosomiasis surveillance program using a cross sectional survey for S. haematobium and S. mansoni in the village of El-Gezira El-Shakra El-Saf district in the Upper Egypt Giza Governorate. A 10% systematic random sample of households of the village was chosen. All persons in the selected houses were invited to submit urine and stool samples. All students from a primary school were also included in the study. Urine was screened by a polycarbonate filtration method and stool was examined using modified Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence of S. mansoni in the population sample and in the school children was 33.7% and 57.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of S. haematobium infection in the population sample and the school children was 7.4% and 10.6%, respectively. The prevalence of infection was highest in the younger age groups, and males were infected more than females. Review of Ministry of Health records showed that both species of vector snails, Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina, were present from 1991 to 1995, and that B. alexandrina was more abundant than B. truncatus in the canals surrounding this village. The unexpected high prevalence of S. mansoni in this village indicates an urgent need to include training programs for S. mansoni surveillance in the primary health care facilities of Giza and to educate villagers to request examinations for S. mansoni as well as for S. haematobium infection.
我们在埃及上埃及吉萨省的一个村庄中发现，曼氏血吸虫的流行率高得出乎意料。从历史上看，曼氏血吸虫的流行地区是埃及尼罗河三角洲北部，而非上埃及南部。这一观察结果是在对一项农村医疗血吸虫病监测项目进行评估时得出的，该评估采用横断面调查方法，对埃及上埃及吉萨省萨夫区盖齐拉·沙拉卡村的埃及血吸虫和曼氏血吸虫进行检测。我们从该村家庭中选取了10%的系统随机样本。邀请所选房屋中的所有人提交尿液和粪便样本。一所小学的所有学生也被纳入研究。尿液通过聚碳酸酯过滤法进行筛查，粪便则采用改良加藤厚涂片法进行检测。在总体样本和学龄儿童中，曼氏血吸虫的流行率分别为33.7%和57.7%，而埃及血吸虫感染在总体样本和学龄儿童中的流行率分别为7.4%和10.6%。感染率在较年轻年龄组中最高，男性感染人数多于女性。对卫生部记录的审查显示，1991年至1995年期间，两种传播血吸虫的螺蛳，即截形泡螺和亚历山大双脐螺均有出现，且在该村周围的运河中，亚历山大双脐螺的数量比截形泡螺更多。该村曼氏血吸虫意外的高流行率表明，迫切需要在吉萨的初级卫生保健机构中纳入曼氏血吸虫监测培训项目，并教育村民要求进行曼氏血吸虫以及埃及血吸虫感染的检测。
