Helmy Yosra A, El-Adawy Hosny, Abdelwhab Elsayed M
Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41511 Ismailia, Egypt.
Pathogens. 2017 Jul 21;6(3):33. doi: 10.3390/pathogens6030033.
Egypt has a unique geographical location connecting the three old-world continents Africa, Asia and Europe. It is the country with the highest population density in the Middle East, Northern Africa and the Mediterranean basin. This review summarizes the prevalence, reservoirs, sources of human infection and control regimes of common bacterial, parasitic and viral zoonoses in animals and humans in Egypt. There is a gap of knowledge conerning the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface in different localities in Egypt. Some zoonotic agents are "exotic" for Egypt (e.g., MERS-CoV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus), others are endemic (e.g., Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis and Avian influenza). Transboundary transmission of emerging pathogens from and to Egypt occurred via different routes, mainly importation/exportation of apparently healthy animals or migratory birds. Control of the infectious agents and multidrug resistant bacteria in the veterinary sector is on the frontline for infection control in humans. The implementation of control programs significantly decreased the prevalence of some zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, in some localities within the country. Sustainable awareness, education and training targeting groups at high risk (veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, nurses, etc.) are important to lessen the burden of zoonotic diseases among Egyptians. There is an urgent need for collaborative surveillance and intervention plans for the control of these diseases in Egypt.
埃及拥有连接非洲、亚洲和欧洲这三个旧大陆的独特地理位置。它是中东、北非和地中海盆地人口密度最高的国家。本综述总结了埃及动物和人类中常见细菌、寄生虫和病毒人畜共患病的流行情况、宿主、人类感染源及控制措施。在埃及不同地区，关于人畜共患病在人兽界面的流行病学存在知识空白。一些人畜共患病原体对埃及来说是“外来的”（如中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒和克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒），其他的则是地方性的（如布鲁氏菌病、血吸虫病和禽流感）。新兴病原体进出埃及的跨境传播通过不同途径发生，主要是表面健康的动物或候鸟的进出口。兽医部门对传染源和多重耐药菌的控制是人类感染控制的前沿。控制项目的实施显著降低了该国一些地区人畜共患病的流行率，如血吸虫病和肝片吸虫病。针对高危人群（兽医、农民、屠宰场工人、护士等）开展可持续的宣传、教育和培训，对于减轻埃及人畜共患病负担至关重要。埃及迫切需要制定合作监测和干预计划来控制这些疾病。
