Tracy J I, Bates M E
Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, Philadelphia 19129, USA.
Neuropsychology. 1999 Apr;13(2):282-90. doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.13.2.282.
Automatic and effortful memory processes were evaluated in a 2-session, within-subjects design involving an alcohol challenge and a no-alcohol condition. Free recall of a 90-word list measured effortful processing. Estimation of word frequency from the same list measured automatic processing. Acute intoxication was hypothesized to diminish effortful but not automatic memory processes. Healthy, male volunteers (n = 36) completed the 2 conditions 1 week apart. Presentation frequency influenced both free recall and frequency estimation, with both measures increasing as presentation frequency increased. Free recall was significantly lower in the alcohol than in the no-alcohol condition, but frequency estimation was not differentially affected. The data showed that an alcohol challenge dissociated automatic and effortful memory processes in volunteers. The authors discuss potential neurobiological substrates that may account for alcohol's selective disruption of effortful, verbal, episodic memory processing.
在一项涉及酒精激发和无酒精条件的两阶段被试内设计中，对自动记忆过程和努力记忆过程进行了评估。对一个90个单词列表的自由回忆测量了努力加工。从同一列表中估计单词频率测量了自动加工。假设急性中毒会减少努力记忆过程而非自动记忆过程。健康男性志愿者（n = 36）在相隔1周的时间内完成了这两种条件。呈现频率影响自由回忆和频率估计，随着呈现频率增加，这两种测量结果均增加。在酒精条件下的自由回忆显著低于无酒精条件，但频率估计没有受到差异影响。数据表明，酒精激发使志愿者的自动记忆过程和努力记忆过程分离。作者讨论了可能解释酒精对努力的、言语的、情景记忆加工的选择性破坏的潜在神经生物学基质。
