Maltz M, Shinar D
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Hum Factors. 1999 Mar;41(1):15-25. doi: 10.1518/001872099779577282.
This 2-part study focuses on eye movements to explain driving-related visual performance in younger and older persons. In the first task, participants' eye movements were monitored as they viewed a traffic scene image with a numeric overlay and visually located the numbers in their sequential order. The results showed that older participants had significantly longer search episodes than younger participants, and that the visual search of older adults was characterized by more fixations and shorter saccades, although the average fixation durations remained the same. In the second task, participants viewed pictures of traffic scenes photographed from the driver's perspective. Their task was to assume the role of the driver and regard the image accordingly. Results in the second task showed that older participants allocated a larger percentage of their visual scan time to a small subset of areas in the image, whereas younger participants scanned the images more evenly. Also, older participants revisited the same areas and younger participants did not. The results suggest how aging might affect the efficacy of visual information processing. Potential applications of this research include training older drivers for a more effective visual search, and providing older drivers with redundant information in case some information is missed.
这项分为两部分的研究聚焦于眼球运动，以解释年轻人和老年人与驾驶相关的视觉表现。在第一项任务中，参与者观看带有数字叠加的交通场景图像，并按顺序视觉定位其中的数字时，其眼球运动受到监测。结果显示，年长参与者的搜索时间明显长于年轻参与者，而且年长成年人的视觉搜索特点是注视更多、扫视更短，尽管平均注视持续时间保持不变。在第二项任务中，参与者观看从驾驶员视角拍摄的交通场景图片。他们的任务是扮演驾驶员的角色并相应地看待图像。第二项任务的结果显示，年长参与者将其视觉扫描时间的更大比例分配到图像中的一小部分区域，而年轻参与者对图像的扫描则更为均匀。此外，年长参与者会再次查看相同区域，而年轻参与者则不会。研究结果表明了衰老可能如何影响视觉信息处理的效率。这项研究的潜在应用包括培训年长驾驶员进行更有效的视觉搜索，以及在年长驾驶员错过某些信息时为其提供冗余信息。
