Cruz J M
Instituto Universitario de Opinión Pública, Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 1999 Apr-May;5(4-5):295-302. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49891999000400013.
This study had two objectives: (1) to describe the levels of victimization of Salvadorians due to criminal violence, and the population groups most affected by it; (2) to learn if these levels of victimization are related to the presence of norms, attitudes, and behaviors that encourage the occurrence of violence. For this purpose data from the ACTIVA project of El Salvador were used. The project was carried out by the University Institute of Public Opinion during October and November 1996, with a sample of 1,290 personal interviews that were presumed to be representative of people between 18 and 70 years of age living in the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador. The sample was obtained through multistage probability sampling. The results show that the level of victimization from violence is quite high in San Salvador and that it especially affects adult and young men. The results also indicate that persons who have been victims of serious aggression tend to show, more frequently than average, norms justifying and approving the use of violence, a tendency to use weapons, and aggressive behaviors toward other people.
（1）描述萨尔瓦多人因刑事暴力而遭受伤害的程度，以及受其影响最大的人群；（2）了解这些受害程度是否与鼓励暴力发生的规范、态度和行为的存在有关。为此，使用了萨尔瓦多“ACTIVA项目”的数据。该项目由大学民意调查所在1996年10月和11月开展，对1290人进行了个人访谈，这些访谈样本被认为代表了居住在圣萨尔瓦多大都会区18至70岁的人群。样本是通过多阶段概率抽样获得的。结果表明，圣萨尔瓦多的暴力受害程度相当高，尤其影响成年男性和青年男性。结果还表明，遭受严重攻击的人比一般人更倾向于表现出为使用暴力辩解和认可的规范、使用武器的倾向以及对他人的攻击行为。
