Hasan H A
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
Microbiol Res. 1999 May;154(1):95-102. doi: 10.1016/S0944-5013(99)80041-X.
The effects of nine pesticides on the biosynthesis of aflatoxin and oxidase activity in wild-type Aspergillus flavus and mutant strains of A. parasiticus avr-1 (w 49) and A. parasiticus ver-1 (wh 1) were investigated. In A. parasiticus, phosphonic acid derivative (lancer) reduced the formation of aflatoxin B2 but B1, G1 and G2 and anthraquinones (versicolorin A, versiconal hemiacetal acetat and averufin) accumulated. Phosphorothioic acid derivatives (pirimiphos-methyl and pyrazophos) reduced the formation of aflatoxin B2 and G2 but B1 and G1 and anthraquinones accumulated. Phosphorodithioic acid derivatives (dimethoate and malathion) blocked aflatoxin B2, reduced B1 and G2 but G1 and anthraquinones accumulated. Phosphoric acid derivative (profenfos) inhibited the formation of all aflatoxins, versicolorin A and versiconal hemiacetal acetate but averufin accumulated. The phenylurea derivatives (linuron and pencycuron) at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm inhibited all aflatoxin but anthraquinones accumulated. On the other hand, the dicarboximide derivative (iprodione) inhibited the whole pathway in the mutant strains of A. parasiticus. The oxidase system in wild-type A. flavus was active in the conversion of averufin and versicolorin A into aflatoxin B1. Most organophosphate and phenylurea derivatives may competitively increase or decrease the oxidase enzymes, however, profenfos and iprodione blocked the enzymes between averufin and versicolorin A.
研究了九种农药对野生型黄曲霉以及寄生曲霉avr - 1（w 49）和寄生曲霉ver - 1（wh 1）突变株中黄曲霉毒素生物合成及氧化酶活性的影响。在寄生曲霉中，膦酸衍生物（兰索）减少了黄曲霉毒素B2的形成，但B1、G1和G2以及蒽醌类物质（杂色曲霉素A、杂色曲霉素半缩醛乙酸酯和黄绿青霉素）积累。硫代磷酸酯衍生物（甲基嘧啶磷和吡唑磷）减少了黄曲霉毒素B2和G2的形成，但B1和G1以及蒽醌类物质积累。二硫代磷酸酯衍生物（乐果和马拉硫磷）阻断了黄曲霉毒素B2的形成，减少了B1和G2，但G1和蒽醌类物质积累。磷酸衍生物（丙溴磷）抑制了所有黄曲霉毒素、杂色曲霉素A和杂色曲霉素半缩醛乙酸酯的形成，但黄绿青霉素积累。浓度为500和1000 ppm的苯基脲衍生物（利谷隆和戊菌隆）抑制了所有黄曲霉毒素，但蒽醌类物质积累。另一方面，二甲酰亚胺衍生物（异菌脲）抑制了寄生曲霉突变株中的整个合成途径。野生型黄曲霉中的氧化酶系统在将黄绿青霉素和杂色曲霉素A转化为黄曲霉毒素B1的过程中具有活性。大多数有机磷酸酯和苯基脲衍生物可能会竞争性地增加或降低氧化酶的活性，然而，丙溴磷和异菌脲阻断了黄绿青霉素和杂色曲霉素A之间的酶。
