Nei T, Fujikawa S
Dev Biol Stand. 1976 Oct;36:243-50.
Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been done on the freeze-drying of biological materials from a physical, chemical and biological point of view. Morphological observation of the freeze-drying process of specimens, however, has been tried by only a few investigators. In those studies, thin-layered aqueous specimens, which were sandwiched between two cover slips, were mostly observed with an optical microscope. For ultrastructural and stereoscopic observation, the scanning electron microscope has a great advantage, unlike that of the optical microscope. A specially designed cryo-scanning electron microscope, employed in the present study, made it possible to observe the freezing patterns of the specimens and also the sublimation process of ice in frozen specimens under vacuum. With this specially designed microscope, shrinkage of some specimens due to dehydration during the freeze-drying process was revealed and the extent of such shrinkage was quantitatively determined.
在过去几十年里，已经从物理、化学和生物学角度对生物材料的冷冻干燥进行了大量研究。然而，只有少数研究者尝试过对标本冷冻干燥过程进行形态学观察。在这些研究中，夹在两个盖玻片之间的薄层水性标本大多用光学显微镜观察。与光学显微镜不同，扫描电子显微镜在超微结构和立体观察方面具有很大优势。本研究中使用的专门设计的低温扫描电子显微镜，使得观察标本的冷冻模式以及真空下冷冻标本中冰的升华过程成为可能。通过这种专门设计的显微镜，揭示了冷冻干燥过程中一些标本因脱水而产生的收缩，并对这种收缩程度进行了定量测定。
