Balint group observations: the white knight and other heroic physician roles.

This article reports a typology of five roles that resident family physicians on occasion assume when relating to troubling patients presented in Balint group seminars. The five roles include the white knight (my way or no way), the Pogo look-alike (I feel your pain), the missing link (you made me do it), the surrogate (I can help), and the revolutionary (let me show you). Each role reflects a particular physician's coping behavior in the context of a specific troubling relationship and is driven, in large part, by unrealistic professional expectations. The roles intend to perform a heroic function in rescuing or protecting the patient, the family, or the physician from a distressing medical situation. Balint group work provides participants with the opportunity to derive clinically useful meaning from their presentations. Residents begin to imagine a variety of therapeutic (helpful) roles to replace the ones they were induced to fill. This process has implications for practicing physicians and physician teachers for improving patient and doctor satisfaction and well-being.