Chatard J C, Mujika I, Guy C, Lacour J R
Laboratoire de Physiologie, GIP Exercise, Faculté de Médecine, Saint-Etienne, France.
Sports Med. 1999 Apr;27(4):229-40. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927040-00003.
Trained athletes frequently experience low levels of blood haemoglobin (13 to 14 g/100ml in men and 12 g/100ml in women) plus low haematocrit and low ferritin levels. These parameters define the concept of 'sports anaemia'. Low iron levels may be due to mechanical haemolysis, intestinal bleeding, haematuria, sweating, low iron intake or poor intestinal absorption. The resulting decrease in blood gas transport and muscle enzyme activity impairs performance. The concept of sports anaemia can be criticised. Simply measuring the blood levels does not take into account the haemodilution that occurs in athletes because of training. The lack of these measurements makes it difficult to diagnose anaemia or evaluate any treatment. Anaemia is treated by preventing decreased iron stores through a balanced food intake or iron supplements. Self-medications must be discouraged because of intolerance, risk of overdose and many other drug interactions.
受过训练的运动员经常出现血血红蛋白水平较低（男性为13至14克/100毫升，女性为12克/100毫升），同时伴有血细胞比容低和铁蛋白水平低的情况。这些参数定义了“运动性贫血”的概念。铁水平低可能是由于机械性溶血、肠道出血、血尿、出汗、铁摄入量低或肠道吸收不良。由此导致的血气运输和肌肉酶活性下降会损害运动表现。运动性贫血的概念可能会受到批评。仅仅测量血液水平没有考虑到运动员因训练而发生的血液稀释情况。缺乏这些测量使得诊断贫血或评估任何治疗都很困难。贫血通过均衡饮食摄入或补充铁剂来预防铁储存减少进行治疗。由于不耐受、过量风险和许多其他药物相互作用，必须不鼓励自我用药。
