Mallakin A, McConkey B J, Miao G, McKibben B, Snieckus V, Dixon D G, Greenberg B M
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Jun;43(2):204-12. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1764.
The toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAs) is known to be enhanced by light via photosensitization reactions (production of active oxygen) and photomodification of the chemicals (e.g., oxidation) to more toxic compounds. Anthracene (ANT) toxicity in particular has been found to increase dramatically following photomodification. The objective of this study was to identify the photooxidation products of ANT and assess the toxicity of selected photoproducts. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of anthracene photooxidation revealed a complex array of oxidation products; prevalent among these were anthraquinone (ATQ) and hydroxy-anthraquinones (hATQs). Eleven of these compounds were tested for toxicity using growth inhibition of the duckweed Lemna gibba L. G-3. All but one of the compounds tested were found to be toxic, and when UV radiation was present in the light source toxicity was generally enhanced. The chemicals were also irradiated under SSR prior to toxicity testing. In about half the cases, the ATQ compounds were rapidly photooxidized and the resultant photoproducts were more toxic than the parent compounds. Interestingly, 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, which was not subject to photooxidation, was the most toxic of the compounds tested. As a light stable compound it presents the risk of a persistent environmental hazard.
已知多环芳烃（PHA）的毒性会通过光敏化反应（活性氧的产生）以及化学物质的光改性（例如氧化）形成毒性更强的化合物，从而被光增强。尤其是蒽（ANT），其毒性在光改性后会大幅增加。本研究的目的是鉴定蒽的光氧化产物，并评估所选光产物的毒性。对蒽光氧化产物进行高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析，结果显示出一系列复杂的氧化产物；其中最常见的是蒽醌（ATQ）和羟基蒽醌（hATQ）。使用浮萍Lemna gibba L. G-3的生长抑制法对其中11种化合物进行了毒性测试。除一种化合物外，其他所有测试化合物均具有毒性，并且当光源中存在紫外线辐射时，毒性通常会增强。在进行毒性测试之前，这些化学物质也在模拟太阳光辐射（SSR）下进行了照射。在大约一半的情况下，蒽醌化合物会迅速发生光氧化，生成的光产物比母体化合物毒性更强。有趣的是，不受光氧化影响的2-羟基蒽醌是测试化合物中毒性最强的。作为一种光稳定化合物，它存在持续环境危害的风险。
