Kanter R M
Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA.
Harv Bus Rev. 1999 May-Jun;77(3):122-32, 210.
Corporations are continually looking for new sources of innovation. Today several leading companies are beginning to find inspiration in an unexpected place: the social sector. That includes public schools, welfare-to-work programs, and the inner city. Indeed, a new paradigm for innovation is emerging: a partnership between private enterprise and public interest that produces profitable and sustainable change for both sides. In this article, the author shows how some companies are moving beyond corporate social responsibility to corporate social innovation. Traditionally, companies viewed the social sector as a dumping ground for their spare cash, obsolete equipment, and tired executives. But that mind-set hardly created lasting change. Now companies are viewing community needs as opportunities to develop ideas and demonstrate business technologies; find and serve new markets; and solve long-standing business problems. They focus on inventing sophisticated solutions through a hands-on approach. This is not charity; it is R & D, a strategic business investment. The author concedes that it isn't easy to make the new paradigm work. But she has found that successful private-public partnerships share six characteristics: a clear business agenda, strong partners committed to change, investment by both parties, rootedness in the user community, links to other organizations, and a commitment to sustain and replicate the results. Drawing on examples of successful companies such as IBM and Bell Atlantic, the author illustrates how this paradigm has produced innovations that have both business and community payoffs.
企业一直在寻找新的创新源泉。如今,几家领先企业开始在一个意想不到的地方找到灵感:社会部门。这包括公立学校、福利转工作计划以及市中心地区。事实上,一种新的创新范式正在出现:私营企业与公共利益之间的伙伴关系,为双方带来盈利且可持续的变革。在本文中,作者展示了一些公司如何从企业社会责任迈向企业社会创新。传统上,公司将社会部门视为其闲置资金、过时设备和疲惫高管的倾销地。但这种思维模式几乎无法带来持久的改变。现在,公司将社区需求视为开发创意和展示商业技术的机会;寻找并服务新市场;以及解决长期存在的商业问题。他们专注于通过亲身实践的方式发明复杂的解决方案。这不是慈善;这是研发,一项战略性商业投资。作者承认让这种新范式发挥作用并不容易。但她发现成功的公私伙伴关系具有六个特点:明确的商业议程、致力于变革的强大伙伴、双方的投资、扎根于用户社区、与其他组织的联系,以及维持和复制成果的承诺。作者以IBM和贝尔大西洋等成功公司为例,说明了这种范式如何产生了对商业和社区都有回报的创新。