Shugars D C, Alexander A L, Fu K, Freel S A
Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Arch Oral Biol. 1999 Jun;44(6):445-53. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9969(99)00003-5.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is rarely transmitted through salivary secretions, due in part to the presence of endogenous inhibitors. Here, the protective characteristics of the intraoral environment are summarized and inhibitory factors that reduce HIV-1 infectivity in vitro described, focusing on secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a 12-kDa mucosal protein that blocks HIV infection in several cell-culture systems. SLPI appears to interact with a cellular surface molecule to limit viral entry into target cells. To determine whether the inhibitor has a similar role in vivo, the contribution of salivary SLPI to anti-HIV-1 activity was assessed. Whole unstimulated filtered salivas from infected and uninfected donors contained similar concentrations of the inhibitor. Depletion from SLPI filtered saliva produced a corresponding loss of inhibitory activity. In general, filtered whole salivas obtained from 10 donors had antiviral activities that correlated positively with SLPI concentrations. However, some samples having SLPI well below the concentration required for inhibitory activity in vitro exhibited modest inhibition, suggesting the presence of other anti-HIV-1 components in oral fluids. Thus, SLPI is a major but not sole inhibitor of this virus in saliva.
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）很少通过唾液分泌物传播，部分原因是存在内源性抑制剂。在此，总结口腔内环境的保护特性，并描述在体外降低HIV-1感染性的抑制因子，重点是分泌型白细胞蛋白酶抑制剂（SLPI），一种12 kDa的黏膜蛋白，它在多种细胞培养系统中可阻断HIV感染。SLPI似乎与一种细胞表面分子相互作用，以限制病毒进入靶细胞。为了确定该抑制剂在体内是否具有类似作用，评估了唾液SLPI对抗HIV-1活性的贡献。来自感染和未感染供体的未刺激过滤全唾液中含有相似浓度的该抑制剂。从过滤唾液中去除SLPI会导致相应的抑制活性丧失。一般来说，从10名供体获得的过滤全唾液具有与SLPI浓度呈正相关的抗病毒活性。然而，一些SLPI浓度远低于体外抑制活性所需浓度的样本表现出适度的抑制作用，这表明口腔液中存在其他抗HIV-1成分。因此，SLPI是唾液中该病毒的主要但非唯一抑制剂。
