Mancini C, Van Ameringen M, Oakman J M, Figueiredo D
Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Psychol Med. 1999 May;29(3):515-25. doi: 10.1017/s0033291798007697.
Previous research has reported co-morbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by symptom overlap in the clinical presentation of the disorders. We estimate the prevalence of ADHD in both the current and childhood histories of adults with anxiety disorders, while taking symptom overlap into account. We also evaluate the utility of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for retrospective reporting of ADHD.
Consecutive admissions (N = 149) to an anxiety disorders clinic were given a diagnostic and psychometric assessment. The WURS was administered to obtain a retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADHD. Twenty-nine of the 35 people surpassing the cut-off score on the WURS were given a structured interview of adult ADHD symptoms.
The WURS contains many 'internalizing' items that may inflate retrospective accounts of ADHD. After taking this into account, there is still a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD in the retrospective reports of adults with anxiety disorders (15%) than would be expected by chance (4%). Furthermore, of those who meet retrospective criteria for ADHD, 45% (13 of 29) continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD as adults.
The WURS may require considerable revision for use with clinical populations. In spite of these difficulties with retrospective assessment, available evidence indicates that ADHD is more prevalent in the histories of anxiety disordered patients than would be expected from base rates.
先前的研究报道了注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与焦虑症之间的共病情况。这些疾病临床表现中的症状重叠使对这些研究结果的解读变得复杂。我们在考虑症状重叠的情况下，估计患有焦虑症的成年人当前及童年时期ADHD的患病率。我们还评估了温德犹他评定量表（WURS）用于回顾性报告ADHD的效用。
对一家焦虑症诊所的连续入院患者（N = 149）进行诊断和心理测量评估。采用WURS以获得童年ADHD的回顾性诊断。在WURS得分超过临界值的35人中，有29人接受了成人ADHD症状的结构化访谈。
WURS包含许多可能夸大ADHD回顾性描述的“内化”项目。考虑到这一点后，患有焦虑症的成年人回顾性报告中ADHD的患病率（15%）仍显著高于偶然预期的患病率（4%）。此外，在符合ADHD回顾性标准的人中，45%（29人中的13人）成年后仍符合ADHD的诊断标准。
WURS可能需要进行大幅修订才能用于临床人群。尽管回顾性评估存在这些困难，但现有证据表明，ADHD在焦虑症患者的病史中比根据基础发病率预期的更为普遍。
