Ohnishi Takashi, Kobayashi Hisanori, Yajima Tsutomu, Koyama Takeshi, Noguchi Kenichi
Drs. Ohnishi, Kobayashi, and Noguchi are with the Medical Affairs Division, Mr. Yajima is with the Quantitative Science Division, and Mr. Koyama is with the Drug Surveillance Department of the Research and Development Division of Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K. in Tokyo, Japan.
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2019 Sep 1;16(9-10):11-16.
: While attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in every age group, the etiology and epidemiology of comorbid disorders are less clear in adult patients with ADHD. In this surveillance study, investigators sought to assess the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, evaluate relationships between comorbid psychiatric disorders and demographic characteristics, and explore the patterns of these comorbid disorders and their relationships with ADHD subtypes. Data obtained from postmarketing surveillance of methylphenidate extended-release tablets for adult ADHD were used to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. Age, sex, age at diagnosis, number of comorbidities, and severity of ADHD symptoms were used as external variables for exploratory analyses. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to explore correlations among comorbidities and ADHD subtypes and extract major dimensions underlying variations in the pattern of comorbid disorders. Data were collected from 575 patients with adult ADHD, including 301 (52.35%) with at least one concurrent psychiatric disorder. Analysis by NMDS demonstrated that different patterns of psychiatric comorbidities were related to the subtypes of ADHD. Psychiatric comorbidities have a high prevalence in patients with adult ADHD. Understanding these patterns could provide useful information in the diagnosis of adult ADHD and future investigations of its etiology.
虽然注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在各个年龄组中都与高比例的共病精神障碍相关，但成人ADHD患者中共病障碍的病因和流行病学尚不清楚。在这项监测研究中，研究人员试图评估共病精神障碍的患病率，评估共病精神障碍与人口统计学特征之间的关系，并探索这些共病障碍的模式及其与ADHD亚型的关系。从用于成人ADHD的哌甲酯缓释片的上市后监测中获得的数据用于评估精神共病的患病率。年龄、性别、诊断年龄、共病数量和ADHD症状的严重程度用作探索性分析的外部变量。进行非度量多维标度分析（NMDS）以探索共病与ADHD亚型之间的相关性，并提取共病模式变化背后的主要维度。从575例成人ADHD患者中收集数据，其中301例（52.35%）至少有一种并发精神障碍。通过NMDS分析表明，不同的精神共病模式与ADHD亚型有关。精神共病在成人ADHD患者中患病率很高。了解这些模式可为成人ADHD的诊断及其病因的未来研究提供有用信息。
