Buchmann K
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sectiion of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1999;46(1):1-9.
Host responses against skin inhabiting monogeneans are commonly observed but the responsible immune mechanisms in the fish skin are sufficiently described. Based on recent knowledge of fish immunity and skin response mechanisms in mammals a model for the skin immunity in fish to monogenean infections is proposed. Important cellular components of the model are the epithelial cells, the mucous cells and leucocytes. The release of cytokines, e.g., IL-1, following mechanical or chemical injury of the epithelial cells, initiates a series of events leading to decrease of the ectoparasite population. Cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF, INF) are suggested to affect secretions from mucous cell and attract neutrophils and macrophages. Leukotrienes are probably involved in the inflammatory reactions. The subsequent production of humoral substances (among others complement factors and peptides) could be responsible for the antiparasitic response in the later stages of infection. Although non-specific factors dominate the response, the involvement of specific antibodies and lymphocytes cannot be excluded.
宿主对寄生于皮肤的单殖吸虫的反应很常见，但鱼类皮肤中起作用的免疫机制尚未得到充分描述。基于对鱼类免疫和哺乳动物皮肤反应机制的最新认识，提出了鱼类皮肤对单殖吸虫感染的免疫模型。该模型的重要细胞成分是上皮细胞、黏液细胞和白细胞。上皮细胞受到机械或化学损伤后，细胞因子（如白细胞介素-1）的释放引发了一系列导致体外寄生虫数量减少的事件。细胞因子（如白细胞介素-1、肿瘤坏死因子、干扰素）被认为会影响黏液细胞的分泌，并吸引中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞。白三烯可能参与炎症反应。随后产生的体液物质（包括补体因子和肽类等）可能在感染后期的抗寄生虫反应中起作用。尽管非特异性因素在反应中占主导地位，但不能排除特异性抗体和淋巴细胞的参与。
