Kardas J, Langenmayr A
Universität-Gesamthochschule Essen.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1999 Apr;48(4):273-86.
Related to the research of the effects of separation and divorce on children there is a lack of empirical studies in Germany. The following cross-sectional field-study directly investigate 48 children from divorced and 32 children from two-parent-families regarding socio-emotional and some cognitive characteristics (nonclinical samples). Projective and semi-projective tests were the preferred instruments. One of the main questions was related to frustration behavior, measured by the Rosenzweig-Picture-Frustration Test (childrens form). This test was used for the first time by a population of German children of divorce. Children of divorce showed a special frustration behavior, a so called M-profile showing many impunitive reactions. They avoid direct conflicts or struggle and try to deny the frustration. Also the subtests of the Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligence test for children (HAWIK) show clearly that children from divorced families obtain much poorer test values in contrast to children from two-parent homes.
在德国，关于分居和离婚对孩子影响的研究缺乏实证研究。以下这项横断面实地研究直接调查了48名来自离异家庭的孩子和32名来自双亲家庭的孩子的社会情感及一些认知特征（非临床样本）。投射测验和半投射测验是首选工具。其中一个主要问题与挫折行为有关，通过罗森茨韦格图片挫折测验（儿童版）进行测量。这项测验首次被用于德国离异家庭的孩子群体。离异家庭的孩子表现出一种特殊的挫折行为，即所谓的M型特征，显示出许多非惩罚性反应。他们避免直接冲突或争斗，并试图否认挫折。此外，汉堡儿童韦氏智力测验（HAWIK）的子测验也清楚地表明，与双亲家庭的孩子相比，离异家庭的孩子测验得分要低得多。
