Horowitz M, Znoj H
Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, 94143, USA.
J Psychother Pract Res. 1999 Summer;8(3):213-24.
Defensiveness in intrapsychic and interpersonal activities is a generally accepted concept among psychodynamic theorists, but a theoretically grounded classification of emotional control processes is needed. As a result of intensive case-by-case clinical and empirical studies, such a system was assembled. The system is organized by three major categories of processes that can regulate emotions. These are sets of mental operations that control 1) content of thought and communications, 2) form of thought and communications, and 3) person schemas that organize beliefs and interpersonal expressions. Each category of defensive control processes is linked to observable outcomes at intrapsychic and interpersonal levels. This classification system can be used to formulate how patterns of avoidance and distortion are formed.(The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research 1999; 8:213-224)
在精神分析理论家当中，心理内部和人际活动中的防御性是一个被普遍接受的概念，但需要一个有理论依据的情绪控制过程分类。经过深入的个案临床和实证研究，这样一个系统得以构建。该系统由三类能够调节情绪的主要过程组成。这些是控制以下方面的心理操作集合：1）思想和交流的内容，2）思想和交流的形式，3）组织信念和人际表达的个人图式。每一类防御性控制过程都与心理内部和人际层面的可观察结果相关联。这个分类系统可用于阐述回避和扭曲模式是如何形成的。（《心理治疗实践与研究杂志》1999年；8：213 - 224）
