French L M, Dietz F R
Oakwood Family Practice Residency Program, Oakwood Healthcare System, Dearborn, Michigan 48123, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1999 Jul;60(1):177-84, 187-8.
Screening programs relying primarily on physical examination techniques for the early detection and treatment of congenital hip abnormalities have not been as consistently successful as expected. Since the 1980s, increased attention has been given to ultrasound imaging of the hip in young infants (less than five months of age) as a possible tool for improving patient outcomes. Although ultrasound examination may not provide advantages over careful repeated physician examination for universal screening, a growing body of evidence indicates that ultrasound surveillance of mild abnormalities can reduce the need for bracing without worsening outcomes. Radiographic documentation of hip normality after the femoral nucleus of ossification has appeared (at three to five month of age) is still appropriate to rule out hip dysplasia.
主要依靠体格检查技术来早期发现和治疗先天性髋关节异常的筛查项目，其成效并未如预期那样始终如一。自20世纪80年代以来，针对小于5个月大的婴幼儿，髋关节超声成像作为一种可能改善治疗效果的工具，受到了更多关注。尽管超声检查在普遍筛查中可能并不比医生仔细反复检查更具优势，但越来越多的证据表明，对轻度异常进行超声监测可减少支具使用需求，且不会使治疗效果变差。在股骨骨化核出现后（3至5个月大）进行髋关节正常的X线记录，对于排除髋关节发育不良仍然是合适的。
