Jennings-Dozier K
Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
Nurs Res. 1999 Jul-Aug;48(4):198-205. doi: 10.1097/00006199-199907000-00002.
To determine the empirical adequacy of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain Pap smear use intentions in African American and Latina women.
A correlational design was used, and a convenience sample of 108 African American and 96 Latina adult women were recruited from urban community-based agencies located in a large mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. The Pap Smear Questionnaire (PSQ) was designed and used. The Demographic Assessment Survey collected demographic information (age and socioeconomic status for both groups; and level of acculturation for the Latinas).
Direct relationships between attitude and perceived behavioral control and intention to obtain an annual Pap smear were found for African American and Latina women. The subjective norm did not significantly predict intention. Attitude (beta = .58; p < .001) provided the best explanation of intention among African American women to obtain an annual Pap smear, followed by perceived behavioral control (beta = .30; p < .001). Among Latinas, the findings reflected those of the African American sample. However, attitude (beta = .40; p < .001) and perceived behavioral control (beta = .35; p < .001) were weighted similarly. The external variables of age and income had indirect effects on intention for African American and Latina women, respectively.
The study findings did not support the empirical adequacy of the TPB for either of the ethnic groups. Future studies should test a modified version of the TPB that includes measures of both social support and subjective norms. Direct measure items of subjective norm, group-specific measures of perceptions of control, and other measures of acculturation should be added to the PSQ and further tested.
确定计划行为理论（TPB）在解释非裔美国女性和拉丁裔女性进行巴氏涂片检查意愿方面的实证充分性。
采用相关性设计，从位于大西洋中部一个大型都市地区的城市社区机构招募了108名非裔美国成年女性和96名拉丁裔成年女性作为便利样本。设计并使用了巴氏涂片调查问卷（PSQ）。人口统计学评估调查收集了人口统计学信息（两组的年龄和社会经济地位；拉丁裔的文化适应程度）。
在非裔美国女性和拉丁裔女性中，发现态度、感知行为控制与每年进行巴氏涂片检查的意愿之间存在直接关系。主观规范并未显著预测意愿。态度（β = 0.58；p < 0.001）对非裔美国女性每年进行巴氏涂片检查的意愿提供了最佳解释，其次是感知行为控制（β = 0.30；p < 0.001）。在拉丁裔女性中，研究结果与非裔美国样本相似。然而，态度（β = 0.40；p < 0.001）和感知行为控制（β = 0.35；p < 0.001）的权重相似。年龄和收入这两个外部变量分别对非裔美国女性和拉丁裔女性的意愿有间接影响。
研究结果不支持TPB对这两个种族群体的实证充分性。未来的研究应测试TPB的修改版本，其中包括社会支持和主观规范的测量。应将主观规范的直接测量项目、特定群体的控制感知测量以及其他文化适应测量添加到PSQ中并进一步测试。
