Cammas S, Béar M M, Moine L, Escalup R, Ponchel G, Kataoka K, Guérin P
Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Polyméres, UMR C7581 CNRS, Université Paris Val de Marne, Thiais, France.
Int J Biol Macromol. 1999 Jun-Jul;25(1-3):273-82. doi: 10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00042-2.
Poly(beta-malic acid) and poly(beta-3-alkylmalic acid) derivatives, as synthetic polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), present several advantages as macromolecular materials for temporary biomedical applications. Indeed, such polymers, which can be synthesized through different chemical and biological routes, have cleavable ester bonds in their backbone for hydrolytic degradation, stereogenic centres in the monomers units for controlling the macromolecular structure. bioassimilable or non-toxic repeating units and lateral chemical functions which can be adapted to specific requirements. The strategy for building such complex architectures, with one or several specific pendant groups, is based on the anionic ring-opening polymerization or copolymerization of the large family of malolactonic and 3-alkylmalolactonic acid esters. Because we are able to control the monomer synthesis and the polymerization step, we have been able to prepare different degradable materials for the biomedical field, such as: degradable associating networks made up by the association of random copolyesters containing a small percentage of hydrophobic moieties and beta-cyclodextrin copolymers; degradable macromolecular micelles constituted by degradable amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(beta-malic acid) as hydrophilic segments and poly(beta-alkylmalic acid alkyl esters) as hydrophobic blocks; and degradable nanoparticles made up by hydrophobic poly(beta-malic acid alkyl esters) derivatives. We have also prepared a terpolymer which exhibits growth factor-like properties in vivo. Finally, poly(beta-malic acid) has been used as an additive in the preparation of peritoneal dialysis bags.
聚（β-苹果酸）和聚（β-3-烷基苹果酸）衍生物作为合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA），作为临时生物医学应用的大分子材料具有几个优点。事实上，这类聚合物可以通过不同的化学和生物途径合成，其主链中有可裂解的酯键用于水解降解，单体单元中有手性中心用于控制大分子结构，具有生物可同化性或无毒的重复单元以及可适应特定要求的侧链化学官能团。构建具有一个或几个特定侧基的这种复杂结构的策略基于苹果内酯和3-烷基苹果内酯酸酯大家族的阴离子开环聚合或共聚。因为我们能够控制单体合成和聚合步骤，所以我们能够制备用于生物医学领域的不同可降解材料，例如：由含有少量疏水部分的无规共聚酯与β-环糊精共聚物缔合而成的可降解缔合网络；由聚（β-苹果酸）作为亲水链段和聚（β-烷基苹果酸烷基酯）作为疏水链段的可降解两亲嵌段共聚物构成的可降解大分子胶束；以及由疏水聚（β-苹果酸烷基酯）衍生物组成的可降解纳米颗粒。我们还制备了一种在体内表现出生长因子样性质的三元共聚物。最后，聚（β-苹果酸）已被用作制备腹膜透析袋的添加剂。
