Yakimov M M, Giuliano L, Bruni V, Scarfì S, Golyshin P N
Department of Microbiology, GBF National Research Center for Biotechnology.
New Microbiol. 1999 Jul;22(3):249-56.
During screening for biosurfactant-producing, n-alkane-degrading marine bacteria, two heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from enriched mixed cultures, obtained from Terra Nova Bay (Ross sea, Antarctica) by using aliphatic and artomatic hydrocarbons as the principal carbon source. These gram-positive, aerobic, cocci-shaped bacteria use a various number of organic compounds, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, and biphenyl. During cultivation on n-alkanes as sole source of carbon and energy, all strains produced both an extracellular and cell-bound surface-active mixture of trehalose lipids which reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 32mN/m. This class of glycolipids was found to be produced only by marine rhodococci. The 16S-rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that both strains are members of the G + C rich gram-positive group of the phylum Proteobacteria and was found to be almost identical to that of Rhodococcus fascians DSM 20669. The potential of these strains for in situ bioremediation of contaminated cold marine environment is discussed in the present study.
在筛选产生物表面活性剂、降解正构烷烃的海洋细菌过程中，从以脂肪族和芳香族碳氢化合物作为主要碳源、取自特拉诺瓦湾（南极罗斯海）的富集混合培养物中分离出两株异养细菌菌株。这些革兰氏阳性、需氧、球菌状的细菌能利用多种有机化合物，包括脂肪族碳氢化合物、挥发性脂肪酸和联苯。在以正构烷烃作为唯一碳源和能源进行培养时，所有菌株均产生了细胞外和细胞结合的海藻糖脂表面活性混合物，该混合物可使水的表面张力从７２ｍＮ／ｍ降至３２ｍＮ／ｍ。发现这类糖脂仅由海洋红球菌产生。16Ｓ－ｒＲＮＡ基因序列分析表明，这两株菌株均属于变形菌门富含Ｇ＋Ｃ的革兰氏阳性菌群，并且发现其与法氏红球菌DSM 20669几乎相同。本研究讨论了这些菌株对受污染寒冷海洋环境进行原位生物修复的潜力。
