Yakimov M M, Golyshin P N, Lang S, Moore E R, Abraham W R, Lünsdorf H, Timmis K N
Division of Microbiology, GBF National Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1998 Apr;48 Pt 2:339-48. doi: 10.1099/00207713-48-2-339.
During screening for biosurfactant-producing, n-alkane-degrading marine bacteria, six heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from enriched mixed cultures, obtained from sea water/sediment samples collected near the isle of Borkum (North Sea), using Mihagol-S (C14,15-n-alkanes) as principal carbon source. These Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria use a limited number of organic compounds, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, volatile fatty acids, and pyruvate and its methyl ether. During cultivation on n-alkanes as sole source of carbon and energy, all strains produced both extracellular and cell-bound surface-active glucose lipids which reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 29 mN m-1 (16). This novel class of glycolipids was found to be produced only by these strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that these strains are all members of the gamma-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Their phospholipids ester-linked fatty acid composition was shown to be similar to that of members of the genus Halmonas, although they did not demonstrate a close phylogenetic relationship to any previously described species. On the basis of the information summarized above, a new genus and species, Alcanivorax borkumensis, is described to include these bacteria. Strain SK2T is the type strain of A. borkumensis.
在筛选产生物表面活性剂、降解正构烷烃的海洋细菌过程中，从富集混合培养物中分离出6株异养细菌菌株。这些富集混合培养物取自博尔库姆岛（北海）附近采集的海水/沉积物样本，以米哈戈尔-S（C14,15-正构烷烃）作为主要碳源。这些革兰氏阴性、需氧、杆状细菌利用包括脂肪烃、挥发性脂肪酸、丙酮酸及其甲醚在内的有限数量的有机化合物。在以正构烷烃作为唯一碳源和能源进行培养时，所有菌株都产生了细胞外和细胞结合的表面活性糖脂，这些糖脂将水的表面张力从72 mN m-1降低到29 mN m-1（16）。发现这种新型糖脂仅由这些菌株产生。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明，这些菌株都是变形菌门γ-亚类的成员。尽管它们与任何先前描述的物种没有密切的系统发育关系，但它们的磷脂酯连接脂肪酸组成显示与嗜盐单胞菌属成员相似。基于上述总结的信息，描述了一个新的属和种，即博尔库姆食烷菌（Alcanivorax borkumensis），以包括这些细菌。菌株SK2T是博尔库姆食烷菌的模式菌株。
