Golyshin P M, Fredrickson H L, Giuliano L, Rothmel R, Timmis K N, Yakimov M M
Department of Microbiology, GBF National Research Center for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
New Microbiol. 1999 Jul;22(3):257-67.
A study was conducted to determine the potential positive effect of novel biosurfactants on the enhancement of Aroclor 1248 metabolization in both in vitro and in situ experiments. Among two lipopeptides tested the highest activity was found in experiments with a hydrolytically opened form of lichenysin A. Lichenysin A itself did not enhance the degradation activity of chosen microorganism-degraders and in most cases inhibited their PCB mineralization rates. Glucolipid surfactant from marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis showed in several tests a strong enhancing effect on microbial metabolization of Aroclor 1248 congeners. Biosurfactants appeared to act very specifically, i.e. depending on strain and concentration used. Experiments set up with soil samples did not give a clear answer whether bioemulsifiers applied at low concentration could sufficiently increase the rates of biodegradation in situ. Only A. borkumiensis glucose lipid caused the most marked enhancement of Aroclor 1248 metabolization in soil microcosm. We suggest that taking into account the specificity of surface- and biological activities of various biosurfactants they may promote the mineralization of sorbed PCBs in polluted soils, when the optimized biosurfactant-degrader combination is used.
开展了一项研究，以确定新型生物表面活性剂在体外和原位实验中对增强多氯联苯混合物Aroclor 1248代谢的潜在积极作用。在所测试的两种脂肽中，在使用水解开环形式的地衣ysin A的实验中发现了最高活性。地衣ysin A本身并未提高所选微生物降解剂的降解活性，并且在大多数情况下抑制了它们的多氯联苯矿化率。来自海洋嗜油菌Alcanivorax borkumensis的糖脂表面活性剂在多项测试中显示出对Aroclor 1248同系物微生物代谢的强烈增强作用。生物表面活性剂的作用似乎非常具有特异性，即取决于所使用的菌株和浓度。用土壤样品进行的实验并未明确给出低浓度施用的生物乳化剂是否能充分提高原位生物降解率的答案。只有Alcanivorax borkumensis糖脂在土壤微观环境中对Aroclor 1248代谢产生了最显著的增强作用。我们建议，考虑到各种生物表面活性剂的表面活性和生物活性的特异性，当使用优化的生物表面活性剂-降解剂组合时，它们可能会促进污染土壤中吸附的多氯联苯的矿化。
