de Moura J L
Serviço de Urologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa.
Acta Med Port. 1999 Jan-Mar;12(1-3):57-62.
Infections of the urinary tract are common--only respiratory infections occur more often. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a serious health problem producing significant morbidity in a vast number of people each year and mostly affecting the quality of life of young women. Accurate diagnosis and treatment results in successful resolution of most urinary tract infections. To achieve that objective, we present clinical guidelines focussing on specific categories of adult urinary tract infection based on host factors and clinical findings. Categorization of urinary tract infections allows more efficient use of laboratory testing in the workup of UTI and the most appropriate selection of treatment for UTI. Shorter course therapy and prophylactic antimicrobials have reduced the morbidity and cost associated to recurrent cystitis in women. New antimicrobial agents that achieve high urinary levels, administered orally and that are not nephrotoxic, have improved the ability to treat severe infections, reducing the need for hospitalization. Early identification of patients with complicated infections for urological referral remains compulsory.
尿路感染很常见——仅次于呼吸道感染。尿路感染（UTI）是一个严重的健康问题，每年导致大量人群出现显著的发病率，并且主要影响年轻女性的生活质量。准确的诊断和治疗能使大多数尿路感染成功治愈。为实现这一目标，我们提出基于宿主因素和临床发现针对特定类型成人尿路感染的临床指南。尿路感染的分类有助于在尿路感染检查中更有效地利用实验室检测，并为尿路感染选择最合适的治疗方法。短疗程疗法和预防性抗菌药物降低了与女性复发性膀胱炎相关的发病率和成本。新型口服非肾毒性抗菌药物能在尿液中达到高浓度，提高了治疗严重感染的能力，减少了住院需求。早期识别复杂感染患者以便进行泌尿外科转诊仍然是必要的。
