Amusquivar E, Herrera E
Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y Técnicas, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, España.
Nutr Hosp. 1999 May-Jun;14(3):114-9.
With the aim of knowing how changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet affect the fatty acid profile in the plasma during gestation, and the repercussions on the fetuses, in the present study we have administered semi-synthetic diets containing palm oil, olive oil, sunflower seed oil, or fish oils as the sole non-vitamin fat component to pregnant rats. The animals were studied on day 20 of the gestation and after being fed the corresponding diet. As was expected, in the palm oil diet the most abundant fatty acids were saturated, in the olive oil diet is was oleic acid, in the sunflower seed and fish oil diets while the linoleic acid was considerably higher in the sunflower seed oil diet is was linoleic acid, and the fish oil diet it was the only one to show appreciable amounts of eicosepentaenoic and docosehexacnoic acids. In turn, none of the diets contained arachidonic acid. In the plasma of the mothers the proportion of saturated fatty acids was similar in all the groups, the oleic acid was higher in the palm and olive oil diets than in the sunflower seed oil diet. In turn, although a certain proportion of arachidonic acid was found in all the groups, its proportion was lowest in the group of rats with the fish oil diet and these same fish oil rats showed a higher proportion of eicosepentaenoic and docosehexaenoic acids than the other groups did. The profile of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the plasma of the fetuses differed from that of the mothers, and the changes in the rest of the fatty acids studied were similar to those of the mother with there being a linear and significant correlation of the polyunsaturated acids values between the maternal and the fetal plasma. The fetuses of rats fed with the first dietshowed and intense deficiency of arachidonic acid, and this could have negative consequences for the post-natal development.
为了了解孕期饮食中脂肪酸组成的变化如何影响母体血浆中的脂肪酸谱以及对胎儿的影响，在本研究中，我们给怀孕大鼠喂食了以棕榈油、橄榄油、葵花籽油或鱼油作为唯一非维生素脂肪成分的半合成饮食。在妊娠第20天以及喂食相应饮食后对动物进行研究。正如预期的那样，在棕榈油饮食中，最丰富的脂肪酸是饱和脂肪酸；在橄榄油饮食中，是油酸；在葵花籽油和鱼油饮食中，葵花籽油饮食中亚油酸含量相当高，而鱼油饮食是唯一显示出大量二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的饮食。相应地，所有饮食中均不含花生四烯酸。在母体血浆中，所有组的饱和脂肪酸比例相似，棕榈油和橄榄油饮食中的油酸含量高于葵花籽油饮食。相应地，尽管在所有组中都发现了一定比例的花生四烯酸，但其比例在鱼油饮食组的大鼠中最低，并且这些鱼油喂养的大鼠比其他组显示出更高比例的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。胎儿血浆中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的谱与母体不同，所研究的其他脂肪酸的变化与母体相似，母体和胎儿血浆中多不饱和酸值呈线性且显著相关。喂食第一种饮食的大鼠胎儿表现出严重的花生四烯酸缺乏，这可能对产后发育产生负面影响。
