Peterson T D, Noland S, Russell D W, Paradise N F
Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines, USA.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 1999 Jul-Sep;3(3):225-30. doi: 10.1080/10903129908958941.
The Iowa Bystander Trauma Care program trained citizens to provide initial care at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The development, implementation, and evaluation of the program are described.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's curriculum was used as the basis for developing the Iowa Bystander Trauma Care program. Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were trained to be instructors in a two-hour course offered at each of four community colleges. The EMTs, in turn, provided instructions to the general populace. Five hundred participants were given a questionnaire before the one-hour Bystander Trauma Care training session, immediately after the training and six months later. The questionnaire obtained background data and assessed attitudes regarding willingness to stop and assist, and knowledge obtained.
One hundred twenty EMT instructors trained more than 2,000 citizen bystanders in a 17-county area in central Iowa. Immediately after the training program, participants were more likely to provide assistance (p < 0.001), and understand the sequence of actions to be performed at the scene of a crash and how to prioritize the information provided to 911 (p < 0.05). There was also evidence of retention of the knowledge six months after training.
Citizens readily volunteered for the Bystander Trauma Care training program. Results of the questionnaire suggest citizens can be successfully trained to recognize the needs of, and provide initial care for, acutely injured persons, and the positive effects of such training are maintained over time.
爱荷华州旁观者创伤护理项目培训市民在机动车碰撞现场提供初步护理。本文描述了该项目的开发、实施和评估情况。
以美国国家公路交通安全管理局的课程为基础来开发爱荷华州旁观者创伤护理项目。紧急医疗技术员（EMT）在四所社区学院各自开设的两小时课程中接受培训成为教员。这些EMT继而向普通民众提供指导。500名参与者在一小时的旁观者创伤护理培训课程前、培训结束后立即以及六个月后接受问卷调查。问卷获取了背景数据，并评估了关于停下来提供帮助的意愿的态度以及所获得的知识。
120名EMT教员在爱荷华州中部一个17县地区培训了2000多名市民旁观者。培训项目结束后，参与者更有可能提供帮助（p < 0.001），并且更了解在碰撞现场应采取的行动顺序以及如何对提供给911的信息进行优先级排序（p < 0.05）。还有证据表明培训六个月后知识仍被保留。
市民欣然自愿参加旁观者创伤护理培训项目。问卷调查结果表明，市民能够成功接受培训，以识别急性受伤者的需求并为其提供初步护理，而且这种培训的积极效果会随着时间持续存在。
