Mauritz Walter, Pelinka Linda E, Kaff Alfred, Segall Bernhard, Fridrich Peter
Institut für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Unfallkrankenhaus Lorenz Böhler der Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA), Wien, Osterreich.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2003 Oct 31;115(19-20):698-704. doi: 10.1007/BF03040885.
The object of this prospective, epidemiological study was to determine whether bystanders provided necessary first aid measures in the prehospital trauma setting, whether they performed these measures correctly, and whether the level of first aid training affected the quality of first aid measures performed. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which was filled out between March and July 2000 for all cases attended to by the Vienna Ambulance Service. A total of 2812 cases were documented. The most frequent causes of trauma were falls from heights less than 1 meter (50%) and traffic accidents (17%). The most frequent injuries were injuries to the extremities (59%) and head and traumatic brain injuries (42%). Most patients were "moderately" or "severely" injured (69% and 29%, respectively), but life-threatening injuries were rare (2%). Bystanders were present in 57% of the cases. The most frequently required first aid measures were "application of a dressing" and "positioning" of the patient. "Control of haemorrhage", "ensuring accident site safety" and "extrication" of the patient were less frequently required. "Clearing of the airway", "precautions against hypothermia" and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation were very rarely required. Bystanders were most frequently policemen, relatives or friends of the patient, and strangers. The vast majority of bystanders had no training in first aid or had only attended the first aid course required to attain a driving license. We found a clear relationship between the level of first aid training and the quality of first aid measures provided. It would be advisable to offer an increased amount of refresher courses in first aid to improve bystander trauma care.
这项前瞻性流行病学研究的目的是确定旁观者在院前创伤环境中是否提供了必要的急救措施，他们是否正确实施了这些措施，以及急救培训水平是否会影响所实施的急救措施的质量。数据通过问卷调查收集，该问卷于2000年3月至7月期间针对维也纳急救服务所处理的所有病例填写。共记录了2812例病例。创伤最常见的原因是从低于1米的高度坠落（50%）和交通事故（17%）。最常见的损伤是四肢损伤（59%）以及头部和创伤性脑损伤（42%）。大多数患者为“中度”或“重度”受伤（分别为69%和29%），但危及生命的损伤很少见（2%）。57%的病例中有旁观者在场。最常需要的急救措施是“包扎”和患者的“体位摆放”。“控制出血”、“确保事故现场安全”和患者的“解救”需求较少。“清理气道”、“预防体温过低”和心肺复苏术很少需要。旁观者最常见的是警察、患者的亲属或朋友以及陌生人。绝大多数旁观者没有急救培训，或者只参加过获得驾驶执照所需的急救课程。我们发现急救培训水平与所提供的急救措施质量之间存在明显的关系。建议增加急救进修课程的数量，以改善旁观者对创伤的护理。
