Blascovich J, Mendes W B, Hunter S B, Salomon K
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Jul;77(1):68-77. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.77.1.68.
The authors conducted an experiment to test a theoretical explanation of social facilitation based on the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. Participants mastered 1 of 2 tasks and subsequently performed either the mastered (i.e., well-learned) or the unlearned task either alone or with an audience while cardiovascular responses were recorded. Cardiovascular responses of participants performing a well-learned task in the presence of others fit the challenge pattern (i.e., increased cardiac response and decreased vascular resistance), whereas cardiovascular responses of participants performing an unlearned task in the presence of others fit the threat pattern (i.e., increased cardiac response and increased vascular resistance), confirming the authors' hypotheses and the applicability of the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat to explain these results.
作者进行了一项实验，以检验基于挑战与威胁的生物心理社会模型对社会促进作用的理论解释。参与者掌握了两项任务中的一项，随后在记录心血管反应的同时，单独或在有观众的情况下执行已掌握（即熟练掌握）或未掌握的任务。在他人面前执行熟练掌握任务的参与者的心血管反应符合挑战模式（即心脏反应增加和血管阻力降低），而在他人面前执行未掌握任务的参与者的心血管反应符合威胁模式（即心脏反应增加和血管阻力增加），这证实了作者的假设以及挑战与威胁的生物心理社会模型对解释这些结果的适用性。
