Aries M, Ritter I Z
Abteilung Sozialpsychologie, Psychologisches Institut der Universität Zürich.
Pflege. 1999 Apr;12(2):83-8. doi: 10.1024/1012-5302.12.2.83.
In 1995 a number of 2000 nurses received a questionnaire twice in a time scale of six months. Besides demographic variables the questionnaire measured nurses' scores on burnout, job characteristics, personality and coping behavior. In a more subject related way the phenomenon burnout was additionally examined in a qualitative study with 10 nurses. Nurses with low scores on burnout had a job with the following characteristics: low strain levels due to time pressure and responsibility, sufficient scope of action and little control, sufficient feedback and recognition, good relationships within the team and between doctors and nursing staff, satisfying working hours, sufficient wage rates and sufficient offers for job formation. In addition, nurses with low scores on burnout show a significantly stronger sense of coherence than their colleagues with high scores on burnout. There is also a trend for more idealism and will to help in this group. When there are problems in the job these nurses more often use instrumental modes of coping in a successful way than nurses with high scores on burnout.
1995年，2000名护士在六个月的时间内两次收到调查问卷。除了人口统计学变量外，该问卷还测量了护士在职业倦怠、工作特征、性格和应对行为方面的得分。此外，通过对10名护士进行的定性研究，以更与主题相关的方式对职业倦怠现象进行了考察。职业倦怠得分低的护士所从事的工作具有以下特点：因时间压力和责任导致的压力水平低、行动范围充足且控制少、有足够的反馈和认可、团队内部以及医生与护理人员之间关系良好、工作时间令人满意、工资率充足以及有足够的职业发展机会。此外，职业倦怠得分低的护士比职业倦怠得分高的同事表现出明显更强的连贯感。这个群体中还有更多理想主义和助人意愿的趋势。当工作中出现问题时，这些护士比职业倦怠得分高的护士更经常成功地使用工具性应对方式。
