Malcolm R, Brady K T, Moore J, Kajdasz D
Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1999 Apr-Jun;31(2):117-20. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1999.10471733.
Preclinical studies indicate that dihydropyridine-type calcium channel antagonists modulate dopamine neurotransmitter function and can reduce cocaine-reinforced behaviors. Amlodipine, a long-acting dihydropyridine-type calcium channel antagonist related to isradipine and nifedipine, was administered in open label fashion for 12 weeks to 26 cocaine-dependent patients. In subjects expressing cocaine craving, craving significantly declined during the course of the 12 weeks. Five individuals reported flushing, headache, fatigue, nocturia, nausea, and lightheadedness. No conclusions regarding efficacy can be made due to the small number of subjects and the open-label design.
临床前研究表明，二氢吡啶类钙通道拮抗剂可调节多巴胺神经递质功能，并能减少可卡因强化行为。氨氯地平是一种与伊拉地平及硝苯地平相关的长效二氢吡啶类钙通道拮抗剂，以开放标签方式对26名可卡因依赖患者给药12周。在表达可卡因渴求的受试者中，渴求在12周疗程中显著下降。5名患者报告有脸红、头痛、疲劳、夜尿、恶心和头晕症状。由于受试者数量少且采用开放标签设计，无法得出关于疗效的结论。
