Shin D, Hong L, Waldron I
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6018, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 1999 Sep;31(5):485-96. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00004-4.
This study has assessed seat belt use and factors which may influence seat belt use among high school students from three types of schools. The inner city schools had high proportions of African American and Hispanic American students from low income families, whereas the middle class school and private schools had high proportions of non-Hispanic white students from middle class families with college educated parents. Students from the inner city schools reported less seat belt use than students from the middle class school or private schools. Our analyses evaluated several hypotheses concerning possible reasons why inner city youth had lower rates of seat belt use. In accord with the social influences hypothesis, inner city youth reported lower rates of parental seat belt use and less often being told by parents to use their seat belts, and our regression results indicate that less parental modeling and encouragement of seat belt use was an important cause of inner city youth's lower rates of seat belt use. Our other hypotheses received weaker support, but we did find evidence for two hypothesized differences in attitudes which influence seat belt use. Specifically, inner city youth were more likely to agree with the statement, 'there is no point in wearing seat belts since you have no control over your fate or destiny', and inner city youth attributed less importance to safety concerns as a motivation for seat belt use. These attitudes appeared to contribute to lower rates of seat belt use by inner city youth.
本研究评估了来自三类学校的高中生的安全带使用情况以及可能影响安全带使用的因素。市中心学校有高比例来自低收入家庭的非裔美国学生和西班牙裔美国学生，而中产阶级学校和私立学校有高比例来自中产阶级家庭、父母受过大学教育的非西班牙裔白人学生。市中心学校的学生报告的安全带使用率低于中产阶级学校或私立学校的学生。我们的分析评估了几个关于市中心青少年安全带使用率较低的可能原因的假设。与社会影响假设一致，市中心青少年报告父母安全带使用率较低，且父母较少告诉他们要系安全带，我们的回归结果表明，父母较少示范和鼓励使用安全带是市中心青少年安全带使用率较低的一个重要原因。我们的其他假设得到的支持较弱，但我们确实发现了两个影响安全带使用的假设态度差异的证据。具体而言，市中心青少年更有可能同意“系安全带没有意义，因为你无法掌控自己的命运”这一说法，且市中心青少年认为安全问题作为使用安全带的动机的重要性较低。这些态度似乎导致了市中心青少年较低的安全带使用率。
