Tipton R M, Camp C C, Hsu K
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-2018.
Accid Anal Prev. 1990 Dec;22(6):543-8. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(90)90026-h.
The effect of seat belt legislation on self-reported seat belt use among male and female college students was investigated. Questionnaires inquiring about seat belt use were administered to college students on three separate occasions: (i) two months prior to the time a mandatory seat belt law went into effect, (ii) two months after the law went into effect, and (iii) 16 months after the law went into effect. Reported seat belt use increased significantly for male and female college students two months after the law took effect. At 16 months postlaw, reported seat belt use remained high for female students but declined almost to the prelaw level for males. Possible reasons offered for these findings are that male college students may be more resistant to having their behavior regulated and, therefore, less likely to internalize changes forced on them, and college-age males may be more inclined to engage in risk-taking behavior than college-age females. The importance of considering males and females separately with respect to seat belt use and interventions designed to increase seat belt use is discussed.
研究了安全带立法对男女大学生自我报告的安全带使用情况的影响。在三个不同时间向大学生发放了询问安全带使用情况的问卷：（i）强制性安全带法律生效前两个月；（ii）法律生效后两个月；（iii）法律生效后16个月。法律生效两个月后，男女大学生报告的安全带使用情况显著增加。在法律生效16个月后，女生报告的安全带使用情况仍然很高，但男生几乎降至法律生效前的水平。对这些发现提出的可能原因是，男大学生可能对其行为受到规范更具抵触情绪，因此，不太可能将强加于他们的变化内化为自身行为，而且大学年龄段的男性可能比大学年龄段的女性更倾向于从事冒险行为。文中讨论了在安全带使用以及旨在增加安全带使用的干预措施方面分别考虑男性和女性的重要性。
