Assink E M, Soeteman W P, Knuijt P P
Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1999 Aug;125(3):251-68.
Poor readers and reading age level matched controls performed a primed picture-naming task and a lexical decision task; their vocabulary performance was also assessed. Picture-naming data showed that poor readers were slower in the repeated prime condition only. This effect could not be explained by differences in vocabulary. Semantically related primes were ineffective compared with the repeated prime condition. Lexical decision data replicated the nonword reading deficit hypothesis: Poor readers were slower, particularly on the pseudowords and nonwords. A separately conducted analysis of the real word data showed strong effects of acquisition age. Late-acquired words had longer reaction times. Vocabulary performance as the covariate could explain the between-groups effects on this task. Semantic processing, as it is involved in picture naming, and phonological processing, as it is involved in decoding printed words, appear to be 2 relatively independent sources of reading deficits.
阅读能力较差的读者以及阅读年龄水平匹配的对照组完成了一项启动图片命名任务和一项词汇判断任务；同时也评估了他们的词汇表现。图片命名数据显示，阅读能力较差的读者仅在重复启动条件下速度较慢。这种效应无法用词汇差异来解释。与重复启动条件相比，语义相关的启动词无效。词汇判断数据重复了非单词阅读缺陷假说：阅读能力较差的读者速度较慢，尤其是在伪单词和非单词上。对真实单词数据单独进行的分析显示了习得年龄的强烈影响。后习得的单词反应时间更长。将词汇表现作为协变量可以解释组间在这项任务上的效应。参与图片命名的语义加工和参与解码印刷单词的语音加工似乎是阅读缺陷的两个相对独立的来源。
