University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
J Learn Disabil. 2010 Jan-Feb;43(1):15-23. doi: 10.1177/0022219409338744. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) responses on a picture-naming task were used to test the hypothesis that dyslexia involves phonological, but not semantic, processing deficits. Participants included 16 children with dyslexia and 31 control children between 8 and 10 years of age who did not differ in receptive vocabulary. As hypothesized, children with dyslexia demonstrated more TOTs and proportionally more errors in the phonological, but not semantic, step of word retrieval. Longer and low-frequency words also prompted more TOTs. The groups did not differ in phonological errors on a follow-up recognition task. The results provide evidence of text-independent, on-line phonological processing deficits in readers with dyslexia.
在图片命名任务中出现的话到嘴边现象（TOT）反应被用来检验这样一个假设，即阅读障碍涉及语音处理缺陷，但不涉及语义处理缺陷。参与者包括 16 名阅读障碍儿童和 31 名控制组儿童，这些控制组儿童在接受词汇量方面与阅读障碍儿童没有差异，年龄在 8 到 10 岁之间。正如假设的那样，阅读障碍儿童在单词检索的语音阶段而非语义阶段出现更多的 TOT 和比例更高的错误。较长的和低频的单词也会导致更多的 TOT。在后续的识别任务中，两组儿童在语音错误方面没有差异。研究结果为阅读障碍者存在与文本无关的、在线的语音处理缺陷提供了证据。
