Goldsmith H H, Lemery K S, Buss K A, Campos J J
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 Jul;35(4):972-85.
The authors explored the genetic and environmental underpinnings of individual differences in temperament with a sample of 604 3- to 16-month-old infant twins and their parents. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), and a subsample of 140 9-month-old twins participated in behavioral assessment of temperament in the laboratory as well. For IBQ Smiling and Laughter and Duration of Orienting, both additive genetic and shared environmental effects were needed to best represent the data. Shared environmental effects fully accounted for cotwin similarity for IBQ Soothability, and conversely, additive genetic effects fully accounted for cotwin similarity for the IBQ Distress to Limitations, Distress to Novelty, and Activity Level scales. With the subsample, the authors fit a multivariate model to mother report, father report, and lab measures of stranger distress and found that genetic influences were most important for the covariation among these measures.
作者以604对3至16个月大的婴儿双胞胎及其父母为样本，探究了气质个体差异的遗传和环境基础。母亲们完成了罗斯巴特婴儿行为问卷（IBQ），140对9个月大双胞胎的子样本也参与了实验室中的气质行为评估。对于IBQ中的微笑与大笑以及定向持续时间，需要加性遗传效应和共享环境效应来最好地呈现数据。共享环境效应完全解释了IBQ可安抚性上同卵双胞胎的相似性，相反，加性遗传效应完全解释了IBQ对限制的苦恼、对新奇事物的苦恼以及活动水平量表上同卵双胞胎 的相似性。对于该子样本，作者对母亲报告、父亲报告以及陌生人苦恼的实验室测量结果拟合了一个多变量模型，发现遗传影响对于这些测量结果之间的协变最为重要。
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