Plomin R, Emde R N, Braungart J M, Campos J, Corley R, Fulker D W, Kagan J, Reznick J S, Robinson J, Zahn-Waxler C
Center for Developmental and Health Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Child Dev. 1993 Oct;64(5):1354-76.
Genetic change as well as continuity was investigated within the domains of temperament, emotion, and cognition/language for 200 pairs of twins assessed at 14 and 20 months of age in the laboratory and home. The second year of life is marked by change rather than continuity: correlations from 14 to 20 months averaged about .30 for observational measures of temperament and emotion, about .40 for language measures, and about .50 for mental development. 2 types of genetic change were examined: changes in the magnitude of genetic influence (heritability) and genetic contributions to change from 14 to 20 months. In general, heritability estimates were similar at 14 and 20 months. Evidence for genetic influence on change from 14 to 20 months emerged for several measures, implying that heritability cannot be equated with stability. Analyses of continuity indicated that genetic factors are largely responsible for continuity from 14 to 20 months.
在实验室和家庭环境中，对200对14个月和20个月大的双胞胎在气质、情绪和认知/语言领域进行了遗传变化和连续性的研究。生命的第二年以变化而非连续性为特征：从14个月到20个月，气质和情绪观察指标的相关性平均约为0.30，语言指标约为0.40，心理发展指标约为0.50。研究了两种类型的遗传变化：遗传影响程度（遗传力）的变化以及从14个月到20个月的遗传对变化的贡献。总体而言，14个月和20个月时的遗传力估计值相似。多项测量结果显示了从14个月到20个月的遗传对变化的影响，这意味着遗传力不能等同于稳定性。连续性分析表明，遗传因素在很大程度上决定了从14个月到20个月的连续性。
