McCarty M E, Clifton R K, Collard R R
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 01003-7710, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 Jul;35(4):1091-101. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.4.1091.
Young children's strategies were evaluated as they grasped and used objects. Spoons containing food and toys mounted on handles were presented to 9-, 14-, and 19-month-old children with the handle alternately oriented to the left and right. The alternating orientations revealed strategies that the children used for grasping items. Younger children usually reached with their preferred hand, disregarding the item's orientation. In the case of the spoon, this strategy produced awkward grasps that had to be corrected later. Older children anticipated the problem, alternated the hand used, and achieved an efficient radial grip (i.e., handle grasped with base of thumb toward food or toy end) for both orientations. A model of the development of action-selection strategies is proposed to illustrate planning in children younger than 2 years.
研究人员在幼儿抓取和使用物体时评估了他们的策略。研究人员向9个月、14个月和19个月大的儿童展示了装有食物的勺子以及安装在把手上的玩具，把手交替向左和向右放置。这种交替的方向揭示了儿童抓取物品时使用的策略。年龄较小的儿童通常用他们偏爱的手去够取，而不顾物品的方向。就勺子而言，这种策略会导致抓握姿势笨拙，之后还得纠正。年龄较大的儿童则预见到了这个问题，交替使用双手，并针对两种方向都实现了有效的桡侧抓握（即，用拇指根部朝着食物或玩具一端抓握把手）。研究人员提出了一个动作选择策略发展模型，以说明2岁以下儿童的规划能力。
