Sian J, Gerlach M, Youdim M B, Riederer P
Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 1999;106(5-6):443-76. doi: 10.1007/s007020050171.
Disorders of the basal ganglia can be broadly divided into two: ones that manifest hypokinesia or those that elicit hyperkinesia. Parkinson's disease is the commonest form of hypokinetic disorder. The term Parkinson's disease (PD) usually encompasses idiopathic and Parkinsonian-like syndromes. PD is a chronic and progressive disease, in which the symptoms tend to appear unilateral to begin with. Subsequently subtle dysfunctions on the contralateral side may also be observed. Tremor, akinesia and rigidity are some of the classical features of the disease. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, the cause of PD largely remains obscure. Management of PD includes pharmacological treatment or/and surgical intervention.
表现为运动减少的疾病和引发运动增多的疾病。帕金森病是运动减少性疾病最常见的形式。帕金森病（PD）一词通常涵盖特发性和帕金森样综合征。帕金森病是一种慢性进行性疾病，其症状往往一开始出现在单侧。随后，对侧也可能出现轻微功能障碍。震颤、运动不能和强直是该疾病的一些典型特征。尽管已经提出了许多假说，但帕金森病的病因在很大程度上仍不清楚。帕金森病的治疗包括药物治疗或/和手术干预。
